A Brief Biography of W.E.B. Dubois - 1448 Words

William Edward Burkhardt DuBois, whom we all know as W.E.B. DuBois; was a novelist, public speaker, poet, editor, author, leader, teacher, scholar, and romantic. He graduated from high school at the age of 16, and was selected as the valedictorian, being that he was the only black in his graduating class of 12. He was orphaned shortly after his graduation and was forced to fund his own college education. He was a pioneer in black political thoughts and known by many as a main figure in the history of African-American politics. W.E.B. DuBois attended Fisk University, where he was awarded a scholarship after he graduated high school. Fisk University was located in Nashville, Tennessee. While attending this University, this is where he saw†¦show more content†¦In the years following the founding of the NAACP, DuBois was introduced into controversy as he joined the Socialists Party. DuBois became a candidate for the United States Senate on the American Labor (Communist) Party ti cket. He also wrote letters, novels, and opinion excerpts as well as organized the first meeting of the Pan-African Congress, the purpose of the Congress was to improve the situation of native Africans. DuBois also initiated the concept of the talented tenth the talented tenth was where he called for ten percent of the African American population where he lived to receive a traditional college education so they could have leadership positions and assume leadership positions within society and within their communities. Dr. W. E. B. DuBois was known as an African American hero who truly believed that a persons vocational calling should be dictated by ability and choice, not by race. DuBois, unlike Booker T. Washington, not only demanded an immediate change but also drastic change, and was not afraid to challenge both blacks and whites on social and educational issues to accomplish change because he knew at that point, something needed to happen now. His strong activism and courage set the stage for future changes in the African American and White American race relations. In 1934 DuBois resigned from the NAACP staff in simply because he was not willing to advocate racialShow MoreRelatedB. Dubois And Booker T. Washington Essay2331 Words   |  10 PagesW.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington The end of the Civil War was followed almost immediately by a new wave that would see the African Americans face great suffering and discrimination. As newly freed slaves, African Americans were presented with a dilemma to either curve a new niche in a society that once viewed and treated them as mere properties than humans. It was during these difficult times that two key figures in the African American History rose as paramount leaders of two sharply contrastingRead MorePoetrys Influences on the Harlem Renaissance2031 Words   |  9 Pagesspent a year in Mexico with his father who disliked his passion for writing and urged him to stop. At that time Hughes was beginning to get published in a number of places like magazines and children’s book. During this time he was noticed but W.E.B Dubois. Upon Hughes return to America he enrolled in Colombia University in New York. Hughes did not like the atmosphere at Colombia so after a year he left. After Columbia he moved to New Yo rk and began work on a freighter. This job took him to manyRead More The Civil Rights Movements in Ireland and America Essay4811 Words   |  20 Pagesof an oppressed people a civil rights movement was essential. â€Å"It was necessary to bravely confront our most explosive issues as a people: Racial[religious, gender, class...] hierarchy and the maldistribution of wealth and power.† 1If only for a brief moment we achieved this, at least it happened. We must study the past in order to get to the future. If you dont know where you came from, how can you possibly figure out where you are going and that is why many people stay rooted in the same placeRead MoreLena Horne9265 Words   |  38 Pagesa triumph. Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was born June 30, 1917, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Both sides of her family claimed a mixture of African-Americans, Native Americans, and Caucasians, and both were part of what black leader W.E.B. DuBois called the talented tenth, the upper stratum of the American black population made up of middle-class, well-educated African-Americans. Her parents, however, might both be described as mavericks from that tradition. Her father, Edwin FletcherRead MoreHaving Our Say Essay9582 Words   |  39 Pages ©2000-2011 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002;Read MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesassociating with whites in restaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and otherRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesrequired—interaction between the colonial rulers and the local, colonized people in offices, shops, industries, and schools, although not as much in recreation. The results of this interaction were unpredictable. In addition to the social science literature, biographies, autobiographies, fiction, drama, and films are filled with the stories of indigenous people and colonial rulers who were transformed in one way or another through their interactions with the diverse residents and the institutions of the European

Manifest Destiny Essay - 1254 Words

During the 1840s, the United States became in control of miles and miles of unfamiliar territory. A way in which the leaders of the expansion justified what they were doing was by phrase known as Manifest Destiny. Manifest Density was a term used as the United States expanded, and it meant that we thought land west of us rightfully belonged to us. The United States wanted greater control of the lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the political parties found a way to make this possible. The United States fought in many ways to receive the land that is now part of the country. Without Manifest Destiny, the United States would never have the ideology that created American history. The United States expanded to many different areas,†¦show more content†¦In Amy Greenberg’s book, she told us, â€Å"between 1790 and 1830, the U.S. population more than tripled to nearly thirteen million people. â€Å" (Greenberg 9) When individuals started realizing there was not enough room for everyone currently living in America, they knew they had to do something. They decided they should travel towards the land east of Mississippi in hopes of finding more land for their family and farms. While for some this meant pursuing specific dreams, for others it meant escaping either the harsh conditions of overcrowded American rural districts such as New England, or a range of European environments. While the families and individuals were on their search for new land, they ran into many different obstacles. All of this in turn would solve one crisis while leading to another. On arrival of finding this new land, the Americans came into nations that were causing the progress of finding additional territory a problem. They wanted the land to be theirs, so it led to the removal of many different Indian nations. The Indian nations living in the area were Cherokee, Creek, Chicasaw and Seminole. They wanted the land for growing cotton and expanded their control, so the settlers went to the federal government to obtain the Indian territory. They turned to Andrew Jackson, and he called for the war which caused many conflicts in trying to obtain the new territory. The Indian nation to attempt to fight were the Creek nations, and it caused theShow MoreRelatedThe Manifest Destiny Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesfull swing by the 1840s. Which evidenced that the continued expansion of the states was an issue and the idea of a Manifest Destiny was of major importance. John L. O’Sullivan once stated, â€Å"Our Manifest Destiny is to overspread the continent all otted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions† (America: A Narrative History). The idea of a Manifest Destiny originated in the 1840s by the Anglo-Saxon Colonists to expand their ideal civilization and institutions across NorthRead MoreEssay On Manifest Destiny1709 Words   |  7 Pagesone of many seminal events in the history of the United States. However, it began the debt we are still in today; the Louisiana Purchase gave us the land that began the Manifest Destiny. â€Å"The term Manifest Destiny originated in the 1840’s when John L. O’Sullivan said in an article that it was the American colonist’s Manifest Destiny to spread over the continent and that God had given them the land for the sole purpose of multiplying and free development.† (History.com staff). It was this philosophyRead MoreManifest Destiny: Term or Reality Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe three authors that describe Manifest destiny have ver y different beliefs but all use one person with vastly different views on Manifest Destiny and his beliefs on the term. The person that first used the term in any form of writing was John O’ Sullivan and is accredited with coining the phrase but much of this time had this strong belief in expanding the territory and states of the United States. Their views on this term were different because some believed that the United States should expandRead MoreInsight about the Mexican War and the Manifest Destiny Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Mexican War and how did it begin? or What is Manifest Destiny and who came up with it? Those are all very good questions, so let me take the time to give you some insight about the Mexican war and Manifest Destiny. The Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined to expand from coast to coast. It was the concept that which heavily influenced American policy in the 1800s. Americans supported the manifest destiny because the Southerners wanted more land and NorthernersRead MoreEssay On Manifest Destiny1432 Words   |  6 Pages Manifest Destiny has many topics to choose from, the Annexation and war with Mexico being one of them. Annexation is the action of invading, most times it was about invading land. There were more Americans living in Texas then there were Mexicans. Eventually Texas became an independent republic in 1836, this simply added to the events leading up to the war with Mexico. The purpose of this essay is to understand the Annexation of Texas, how the war with Mexico began, what happened in the MexicanRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages Manifest destiny was the belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North Amer ica (Hall 301). But John O’Sullivan really only envisioned that white men were the only ones privileged enough to receive liberty (Hal 301). The Manifest Destiny was caused by the American people it gave them a sense of superiority over the other peoples who lived in North America. The declaration of the Manifest destiny wanted to expand the U.S. territory over the whole of North America and to extend andRead MoreThe Manifest Destiny Essay884 Words   |  4 Pages The Manifest Destiny is the idea of continental expansion by the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, which naturally occurred out of a deep want and need to explore and conquer new lands and establish new borders. This idea contributed to several wars, including the US-Mexican War. Mexico and the United States had its share of territorial issues. With only four more days of his presidency, on March 1, 1845, President John Tyler signed the Texas annexation bill. When the UnitedRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages Manifest Destiny(1830s-1840s) The ideal of Manifest Destiny has shaped the American society during the 1830s to 1840s by establishing the innovation of manufacture, the expansion of territorial, transportation, and communication. Though it is one of the greatest period of the westward territorial expansions, it caused a massive conflict of social interaction, political, religious and automatically divided the gender roles in the community. During the nineteenth century, American had expandedRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native AmericansRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pagesstagnation. The landmass of the Thirteen Colonies was enough to rival that of the Mother country from which they separated. The forefathers believed that it was the manifest destiny of this nation to eventually claim the expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. By 1890, nearly a hundred years following the original claim of Manifest Destiny, the land that was once open, was now under American control. But no sooner was the Great American Fronti er closed, than was the door to East Asian expansion

Disneys Tarzan Movie Analysis Essay Example For Students

Disneys Tarzan Movie Analysis Essay The Disney movie Tarzan was released in 1999 and directed by Chris Buck and Kevin Lima, we follow the story of a young orphan boy named Tarzan. In the start of the film we see a family that is escaping from a burning boat and when they do they find themselves on a on an island in the jungle and they start to build themselves a home in the form of a treehouse. We also see another family in the beginning of the film, but this family is a little different, theyre gorillas. The father Kerchak is playing with his newborn son, and in the night while the mother Kala is holding him the little one sees a frog and begins to play with it. This leads the newborn into a leopardess named Sabor who ends up killing the child. The ape parents see what is going on but arent fast enough to react in time. While the group of gorillas is traveling Kala hears the sound of a baby crying, desperate to see who it was in the hopes that it was here child she runs to where she hears it and what she finds is not what she expected. She finds the child named Tarzan and escapes with him away from Sabor who killed his parents as well; Tarzan is now her new son and he struggles to fit in with the gorillas not knowing that he is human and not one of them. This film shows us something important that we should take away and that is family is where the heart is. There some scenes in this film that prove this such as when Tarzan faces his first challenge and tries to prove himself worthy to his father buy beating the leopardess that killed his parents, as well as Kipchaks pervious son. He did this not only to prove himself but also to protect his family and the ones he loves. Much like how in today’s society we have the people that we want to protect whether it be you child, your parents, or any other person you care about that we would go to any means that it takes to keep them safe. This scene also puts him through one of the two most hell like parts of the film by forcing him to protect his father who is losing in the fight, he comes out of the fight victorious after the battle and presents his father with the dead body of Sabor. One of the more lighthearted scenes that gets this message across is when Jane decides to stay on the island with Tarzan because she fell in love with him. This scene is the most heaven like part of the final and it was right after the most hell like part where when Tarzan agreed to go to London he finds out that it was a trap set by Clayton so he could go capture all of Tarzans family and bring them back for money, and in doing so Tarzans father ends up dying and tells him that he will be the new leader of the family. Because of this Tarzan decides to stay and Jane and her father stay as well. Throughout our lives we actually experience the same feeling that Jane had that made her want to stay. The feeling that we have such a sense of comfort with someone that we would be willing to leave things behind to be with them. Of course it might not be to an ape man stranded on an island off the coast of Africa, but it’s the same in the sense that you move away from your family and start to become your own person and start your own family. Being that this movie was set in Africa it isn’t related to American wilderness in the location sense but it is related in a way that since the main character is a human, we can somewhat feel how he feels and see how he adapts to this environment that we have never experienced ourselves. .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .postImageUrl , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:hover , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:visited , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:active { border:0!important; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:active , .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7 .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u997bc0ee8589fb0905a21eeb25dd75f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the opening sequence of 'The Italian Job' (1969) with the opening sequence of 'The Italian Job' (2003) EssayAnd we can see the way that he takes on the challenges in his life in order to survive in his home. Many of us don’t know what it’s like to be stranded out in the wilderness, or even know how to survive a week out there by ourselves, so the fact that Tarzan was able to conquer this wilderness with the help of his family is truly astonishing. And throughout the film he knows that there is one thing that he can’t ever forget and that’s he is a part of that family and he must do whatever it takes to protect them, because home is where the heart is. Bibliography: Tarzan. Dir. Chris Buck and Kevin Lima. Perf. Tony Goldwyn,  Minnie  Driver, Brian Blessed. Disney, 1999. Film.

Lord Of Flies Essays (1571 words) - English-language Films, Films

Lord Of Flies Why is it that when people are placed in situations where sanity and reason are the keys to survival, people go crazy and end up ruining their chances to live? All that they needed to ensure a chance for their rescue was the fire. I don't see what is so hard about that. The fire gives off smoke, they then see the smoke as a signal showing inhabitants on the island, then passers-by will go and search for them. Plain and simple! Why did you require us to read this book? I can think of one reason, being that no matter how old you are, morals and law are necessary for survival. Yet, I still believe that this book, despite its strong message, was weak and uninteresting. What was so great about hunting? This obsession with hunting was what baffled me the most throughout this book. I honestly don't see what was so great about it, and why they let it interrupt their responsibilities. If they had not been distracted with hunting and just tended to the fire like they were supposed to, it's possible that could have been rescued earlier on in the book. "Kill the pig! Cut his throat! Kill the pig! Bash him in!" (Chap. 7, pg. 114) This line shows that they have pretty much lost it by now. It describes their loss of hope for rescue, and that they have developed a superiority complex. The rush they get from ending a life has made them go insane and clouded their judgement. As the book goes on and they say this line more often, wackiness follows. "Coming?" (Chap. 7, pg. 119) Although Ralph was a good leader and had good intentions, he was still somewhat passive because he always gave in to whatever Jack said. He would let Jack walk all over him which was a factor in the "biguns" leaving his group and joining Jack's chaotic tribe. "No. They're not as bad as that. It was an accident." (Chap. 12, pg. 184) Despite the bad things they've done and the chaos that was spreading throughout the island, they were still just children. Innocent, naive, and unaware of the outcomes of their actions. They know that what they've done was wrong but they refuse to admit it, they dilute themselves. The title: Lord of The Flies relates to the story mainly through Simon. We hear about him seeing and speaking to the Lord of The Flies and the pig's head in the book. He is the only character known to interact with the Lord of The Flies and is told by him that he holds their fates on this island. Also, the title Lord of The Flies relates with the story through the children. They flutter around the animal carcasses the way flies would. The boys celebrate killing pigs by dancing about its carcass. Similar to the way flies swarm around a rotting corpse. Which would make Jack, the Lord of The Flies since he leads the boys in their wrong doings and gets the biggest rush from killing, and celebrates the most. The scene opens with the survivors gathering and trying to act rationally by creating electing a leader and focusing on the most important thing, their rescue. This relates to the way the boys try to act civilized and just, yet they cannot escape the fact that they are still mere children. Susceptible to the "dark side" and not fully responsible. It describes how naive they are. The physical setting of this story, takes place on an uncharted desert island in the ocean. Very similar to the tropical islands of the Pacific. It is very lush, verdant, and fruitful. The island is shaped like a boat. It contains a jungle and orchards that are at the low end of the island, which rise to a treeless, rocky mountain ridge. There is a warm water lagoon which the boys bathe in, and a natural platform of fallen trees where they would hold their meetings. Also, there is a castle at the other end of the island that rises several hundred feet above the sea. The societal structure was democratic yet bias. All of the boys were from somewhat aristocratic societies since they most likely belonged to a rich boarding school if they were flown from place to place. They discriminated against the "littluns" and Piggy because they were unable to help and saw them as useless. Many felt the need to be in a higher position than

Ishell Robinson Essays (1276 words) - Gender, Social Status, Biology

Ishell Robinson Elizabeth Kim English 10:40 7 August 2015 Complications of Gender When talking about gender one automatically classifies on by sex, male and female. However, gander has a more socially constru cted meaning towards it, one being masculine and or feminine. Gender is socially constructed by what society believes how women and men should act. In the novel Caucasia , by Danzy Senna, Birdie demonstrates the concept of gender. Birdie who is the protagonist in the novel deals with not fitting in how society perceives feminine to be. Birdie understands gender as a structure, she experiences gender as stratification, and Birdie sees/reacts to gender as a process . In the article," The Social Construction of race" Judith Lober argues that gender is socially constructed through human interaction. Birdie's gender is socially constructed by the students in the Nkrumah school. Birdie states, "I started wearing my hair in a tight braid to mask its texture. I had my ears pierced and convinced my mother to buy me a pair of gold hoops like the other girls at school wo re " (Senna 62-63). Birdie is describing the way she changes her appearance. Birdie never use d to dress this way because she was homeschooled before. There was no norm of how she should look. She changes her appearance due to the other females in her ne w school, Nkrumah. Birdie feels as though if she changes her appearance it would allow her to meet Nkrumah's perception of being feminine. The female students in Nkrumah wear earring and not the boys, to be seen as more feminine. Since Birdie wants to fit in and be accepted Birdie went out of her way to convince her mom to even allow her to wear the hoop earrings. The females in school wear earrings and According to Lorber, "As a process, gender creates the social differences that define woman' and man.' In social interaction throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what is expected, act and react in expected ways" (Lorber 115). By Birdie seeing the other females in her school she reacted to their appearances by changing her own appearance. The expectations of the students in Nkrumah impacted Birdie. The students impacted Birdie to change her own ap pearance . Birdie took on a more feminine appearance that she was not use to and or did not care for before. The students in Nkrumah allowed Birdie to understand and want to change to a more feminine appearance . Birdie did not use to wear earrings. Seeing the girls in Nkrumah wearing earrings allowed Birdie to think wearing earrings is a female thing that would allow her to become more socially accepted. In the article "The Gender Blur" Blum states, "We're born with predispositions, but i t's s ociety that amplifies them, exaggerates them. I believe that- except for the sex differences in aggression. Those differences are too massive to be explained simply by society." Birdie was able to grasp a better understanding of how gender is socially constructed through "Divorced Father's Day." Deck only comes to see his daughters, Birdie and Cole on Saturday mornings after he left them and their mother, Sandy. Birdie says, "He usually came for us on Saturday mornings. Cole called it Divorced Father's Day.' She said all her friends had them too" (Senna 55). This led Sandy to be the main caretaker for Birdie and Cole, while Deck is viewed as the secondary caretaker. Cole calls these Saturday morning s "Divorced Father's Day." Cole explained that all her friends at school had those days as well. This implies that as mother's it is their job/responsibility to take primary custody of their children no matter what , and that the child would be better off with the mother. Society made it whereas the fathers are not capable to carry out the primary caretaker's role and that is why the mother automatically receives the child. The f ather might be capable of caring for the child but not better than how the mother can. Lorber writes, "As a structure, gender divides work in the home and in economic production, legitimates those in authority, and organizes sexuality and emotional life" (Lorber 117).

Margaret Jones - Executed for Witchcraft, 1648

Margaret Jones - Executed for Witchcraft, 1648 Known for: first person executed for witchcraft in Massachusetts Bay ColonyOccupation: midwife, herbalist, physicianDates: died June 15, 1648, executed as a witch in Charlestown (now part of Boston) Margaret Jones was hanged on an elm tree on June 15, 1648, after being convicted of witchcraft. The first known execution for witchcraft in New England was the year before: Alse (or Alice) Young in Connecticut. Her execution was reported in an Almanac published by Samuel Danforth, a Harvard College graduate who was then working as a tutor at Harvard. Samuels brother Thomas was a judge at the Salem witch trials in 1692. John Hale, who was later involved in the Salem witch trials as the minister in Beverley, Massachusetts, witnessed the execution of Margaret Jones when he was twelve years old. Rev. Hale was called to help Rev. Parris determine the cause of the strange happenings in his home in early 1692; he was later present at court hearings and executions, supportive of the courts actions. Later, he questioned the legality of the proceedings, and his postumously published book, A Modest Inquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft, is one of the few sources for information about Margaret Jones. Source: Court Records We know about Margaret Jones from several sources. A court record notes that in April, 1648, a woman and her husband were confined and watched for signs of witchcraft, according to a course which hath ben taken in England for the discovery of witches. The officer was appointed to this task on April 18. Although the names of those watched were not mentioned, the subsequent events involving Margaret Jones and her husband Thomas lend credence to the conclusion that the husband and wife named were the Joneses. The court record shows: This court beinge desireows that the same course which hath ben taken in England for the discovery of witches, by watchinge, may also be taken here with the witch now in question, therefore doe order that a strict watch be set about her every night, that her husband be confined in a private roome, watched also. Winthrops Journal According to the journals of Governor Winthrop, who was a judge at the trial that convicted Margaret Jones, she was found to have caused pain and sickness and even deafness by her touch; she prescribed medicines (aniseed and liquors are mentioned) that had extraordinary violent effects; she warned that those who would not use her medicines would not heal, and that some so warned had had relapses that could not be treated; and she had foretold things that she had no way to know about. Further, two signs usually ascribed to witches were found: the witchs mark or witchs teat, and being seen with a child who, on further investigation, vanished the assumption was that such an apparition was a spirit. Winthrop also reported a very great tempest at Connecticut at the very time of her execution, which people interpreted as confirming that she was truly a witch. Winthrops journal entry is reproduced below. At this court one Margaret Jones of Charlestown was indict- ed and found guilty of witchcraft, and hanged for it. The evidence against her was,1. that she was found to have such a malignant touch, as many persons, (men, women, and children,) whom she stroked or touched with any affection or displeasure, or, etc., were taken with deafness, or vomiting, or other violent pains or sickness,2. she practising physic, and her medicines being such things as (by her own confession) were harmless, as aniseed, liquors, etc., yet had extraordinary violent effects,3. she would use to tell such as would not make use of her physic, that they would never be healed, and accordingly their diseases and hurts continued, with relapse against the ordinary course, and beyond the apprehension of all physicians and surgeons,4. some things which she foretold came to pass accordingly; other things she could tell of (as secret speeches, etc.) which she had no ordinary means to come to the knowledge of,5. she ha d (upon search) an apparent teat in her secret parts as fresh as if it had been newly sucked, and after it had been scanned, upon a forced search, that was withered, and another began on the opposite side,6. in the prison, in the clear day-light, there was seen in her arms, she sitting on the floor, and her clothes up, etc., a little child, which ran from her into another room, and the officer following it, it was vanished. The like child was seen in two other places, to which she had relation; and one maid that saw it, fell sick upon it, and was cured by the said Margaret, who used means to be employed to that end.Her behavior at her trial was very intemperate, lying notoriously, and railing upon the jury and witnesses, etc., and in the like distemper she died. The same day and hour she was executed, there was a very great tempest at Connecticut, which blew down many trees, etc.Source: Winthrops Journal, History of New England 1630-1649. Volume 2. John Winthrop. Edited by James Ken dall Hosmer. New York, 1908. A Nineteenth Century History In the mid-19th century, Samuel Gardner Drake wrote about the case of Margaret Jones, including more information about what may have happened to her husband: The first Execution for Witchcraft in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was at Boston on the 15th of June, 1648. Accusations were probably common long before this, but now came a tangible Case, and it was carried through with as much Satisfaction to the Authorities, apparently, as ever the Indians burnt a Prisoner at the Stake.The Victim was a Female named Margaret Jones, the Wife of Thomas Jones of Charlestown, who perished on the Gallows, as much for her good Offices, as for the evil Influences imputed to her. She had been, like many other Mothers among the early Settlers, a Physician; but being once suspected of Witchcraft, was found to have such a malignant Touch, as many Persons were taken with Deafness, or Vomiting, or other violent Pains or Sickness. Her Medicines, though harmless in themselves, yet had extraordinary violent Effects; that such as refused her Medicines, she would tell that they would never be healed, and accordingly their Diseases and Hurts continued, with Relap se against the ordinary Course, and beyond the Apprehension of all Physicians and Surgeons. And as she lay in Prison, a little Child was seen to run from her into another Room, and being followed by an Officer, it was vanished. There was other Testimony against her more ridiculous than this, but not necessary to be recited. To make her Case as bad as possible, the Record or it says her Behaviour at her Trials was intemperate, lying notoriously, and railing upon the Jury and Witnesses, and that in like Distemper she died. It is not unlikely that this poor forsake Woman was distracted with Indignation at the Utterances of the false Witnesses, when she saw her Life was sworn away by them. The deluded Court denounced her frantick Denial of the Charges as lying notoriously. And in the probably honest Belief in Witchcraft, the same Recorder says, in the most complacent Credulity, that the same Day and Hour she was executed, there was a very great Tempest at Connecticut, which blew down ma ny Trees, c. Another equally credulous Gentleman, writing a Letter to a Friend, dated at Boston on the 13th of the same Month, says: The Witche is condemned, and to be hanged Tomorrow, being Lecture Day.Whether there were any other suspected Persons at the time Margaret Jones was prosecuted, we have no Means of ascertaining, yet it is more than propable that a supposed Spirit of Darkness had been whispering in the Ears of the Men in Authority in Boston; for about a Month before the Execution of Margaret, they had passed this Order: The Courte desire the Course which hath been takin in England for Discovery of Witches, by watching them a certina Time. It is ordered, that the best and surest Way may forthwith be put in Practice; to being this Night, if it may be, being the 18th of the third Month, and that the Husband may be confined to a private Roome, and be also then watched.That the Court was stirred up to ferret out Witches, by the late Successes in that Business in England, sev eral Persons having been tried, condemned and executed in Feversham about two Years before is not improbable. By the Course which hath been taken in England for the Discovery of Witches, the Court had References to the Employment of Witch-Finders, one Matthew Hopkins having had great Success. By his infernal Pretensions some scores of innocent bewildered People met violent Deaths at the Hands of the Executioner, all along from 1634 to 1646. But to return to the Case of Margaret Jones. She having gone down to an ignominious Grave, leaving her Husband to suffer the Taunts and Jeers of the ignorant Multitude, escaped further Prosecution. These were so insufferable that his Means of Living were cut off, and he was compelled to try to seek another Asylum. A ship was lying in the Harbor bound for Barbadoes. In this he took Passage. But he was not thus to escape Persecution. On this Ship of 300 Tons were eighty Horses. These caused the Vessel to roll considerably perhaps heavily, wich to Persons of any Sea Experience would have been no Miracle. But Mr. Jones was a Witch, a Warrant was sued out for his Apprehension, and he was hurried thence to Prison, and there left by the Recorder of the Account, who has left his Readers in Ignorance of what became of him. Whether he were the Thomas Joanes of Elzing, who in 1637 took Passage at Yarmouth for New England, cannot be positively stated, although he is probably the same Person. If so, his Age at that Time was 25 Years, and he married subsequently.Samuel Gardner Drake. Annals of Witchcraft in New England, and Elsewhere in the United States, From Their First Settlement. 1869. Capitalization as in the original. Another Nineteenth Century Analysis Also in 1869, William Frederick Poole reacted to the account of the Salem witch trials by Charles Upham. Poole noted that Uphams thesis was largely that Cotton Mather was at fault for the Salem witch trials, to gain glory and out of gullibility, and used the case of Margaret Jones (among other cases) to show that witch executions did not begin with Cotton Mather. Here are excerpts from the section of that article addressing Margaret Jones: In New England, the earliest witch execution of which any details have been preserved was that of Margaret Jones, of Charlestown, in June, 1648. Governor Winthrop presided at the trial, signed the death-warrant, and wrote the report of the case in his journal. No indictment, process, or other evidence in the case can be found, unless it be an order of the General Court of May 10, 1648, a certain woman, not named, and her husband, be confined and watched.... [Poole inserts the transcript, shown above, of Winthrops journal] ...The facts in relation to Margaret Jones seem to be, that she was a strong-minded woman, with a will of her own, and undertook, with simple remedies, to practise as a female physician. Were she living in our day, she would brandish a diploma of M. D. from the New England Female Medical College, would annually refuse to pay her city taxes unless she had the right to vote, and would make speeches at the meetings of the Universal Suffrage Association. Her touch seeme d to be attended with mesmeric powers. Her character and abilities rather commend themselves to our respect. She made anise-seed and good liquors do the good work of huge doses of calomel and Epsom salts, or their equivalents. Her predictions as to the termination of cases treated in the heroic method proved to be true. Who knows but that she practiced homoeopathy? The regulars pounced upon her as a witch, as the monks did upon Faustus for printing the first edition of the Bible, put her and her husband into jail, set rude men to watch her day and night, subjected her person to indignities unmentionable, and, with the assistance of Winthrop and the magistrates, hanged her, and all this only fifteen years before Cotton Mather, the credulous, was born!William Frederick Poole. Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft North American Review, April, 1869. Complete article is on pages 337-397.

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example As a charge nurse at Medical Telementary Unit, Bayshore Medical Center, I have power over the other nurses at the unit as their leader. I am responsible for providing guidance on administering care to new patients and patients who have special needs. I am also supposed to address any questions that both patients and nurses may have regarding care or any other issue of importance at the workplace. In terms of the roles that nurses play at the hospital, I have a responsibility of guiding them, giving them moral support and motivating them to do their job professionally. I am supposed to document the performance of the nurses, counsel them when their performances are unsatisfactory and perform evaluations on their jobs. I am supposed to provide leadership in every case when in the hospital and help where I can in home problems that affect their work output when they are in hospital. I have to serve the nurses by addressing the problems and fears that they may have so that they can serve patients well (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). Based on Servant Leadership: The Seven Distinctive Characteristics of a Servant Leader by Darryl DelHousate & Bobby Brewer, my responses compare to the view power in the sense that a leader must first be a servant to the people that he leads. Therefore, my responses fit in to this in the sense that as a charge nurse, I am a servant leader to the nurses and the patients who are under my wing. The nurses do not serve me; rather I serve them as their leader. The nurses serve the society by acting as healthcare leaders when promoting healthy living and helping treat diseases or offer intervention measures. In this respect, I have to show humbleness and love when leading. I also have to trust and empower my nurses to fulfill their responsibilities (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). My reasons compare and contrast the secular view on power. My view agrees with the secular view on power that I should guide my followers